Tea: The base source of the medicinal materials is the camellia plant tea. ("The Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine")
1. Summary of classics
1. "Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine": "The root of tea tree is bitter and flat. Treats heart disease, mouth sores, and psoriasis."
"Tea is bitter, sweet and cool. It enters the heart, lung, and stomach meridians. It clears the head and eyes, removes polydipsia, resolves phlegm, eliminates food, diuresis, and detoxifies. It cures headache, dizziness, sleeps more, sleeps well, upsets thirst, and accumulates phlegm. Malaria, dysentery."
"Tea oil is sweet and cool. Clears heat and removes dampness, kills insects and detoxifies. Treats abdominal pain due to Sha gas, acute ascaris obstructive intestinal obstruction, scabies, and decoction burns."
2. "Chinese Materia Medica": "tea tree root is bitter; cool. Return to the heart; kidney meridian. Strengthen heart and diuretic; promote blood circulation and regulate menstruation; clear heat and detoxify. Main heart disease; edema; hepatitis; dysmenorrhea; Shingles; Psoriasis"
"Tea is bitter; sweet; cool. Returns to the heart; lungs; stomach; liver; spleen; kidney meridians. Clears the head and eyes; removes polydipsia; digestion; resolves phlegm; diuresis; detoxification. Main headache; dizziness; ; cold; upset and thirst; food accumulation; bad breath; phlegm and asthma; epilepsy; dysuria; diarrhea; sore throat; boils and boils; water and fire burns."
"Tea oil is sweet; cool; bitter. Returns to the large intestine meridian to clear heat and detoxify; moisten the intestines; kill parasites. It is mainly responsible for sha gas, abdominal pain;
3. "Saving the Sea of Bitterness": "Tea tree root cures rotten mouth, decoct soup instead of tea, drink it from time to time."
4. "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Tea (main) sleeps well."
5. "Qian Jin·Food Treatment": "Tea is bitter, salty and sour, cold, non-toxic and powerful and pleasing."
6. "Tang Materia Medica": "Tea has a sweet and bitter taste, slightly cold, and non-toxic. It mainly controls fistula sores, facilitates urination, and relieves (phlegm) heat and thirst. It controls Qi and eliminates food."
7. "Therapeutic Materia Medica": "Tea benefits the large intestine, removes heat, and relieves phlegm."
8. "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Tea breaks heat and eliminates miasma."
9. "Don't Say Materia Medica": "Tea is effective for treating summer heat, and vinegar is effective for diarrhea."
10. "Material Herbs of Decoction": "The tea leaves start the hand and the Jueyin meridian of the foot. Treats stroke, dizziness and insomnia."
11. "Daily Use Materia Medica": "Tea removes vexation and quenches thirst, relieves tiredness and clears the mind." "Fried and decocted to treat red and white dysentery due to heat toxicity; Decoction with xiongzhi and scallion white to relieve headache."
12. "Compendium of Materia Medica": "The tea leaves are thickly fried, and the wind is hot and phlegm is saliva."
13. "Materia Medica Tongxuan": "Tea relieves sunburn poisoning and alcohol poisoning."
14. "Suixiju Diet Recipe": "Tea clears the mind, cools the liver and gallbladder, removes heat, and clears the lungs and stomach."
"Tea oil moistens dryness, clears heat, relieves wind, and benefits leaders."
15. "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Tea can clear the heart and enter the stomach, remove dirt and trouble; it can digest food to remove phlegm, relieve thirst and quench thirst. The aroma is clear and pure, sweet, bitter and cold."
16. "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Tea tastes bitter and sweet. Start with Shaoyin Taiyin Jueyin Meridian of Hand, Foot, and Taiyin. Gong focuses on clearing the heart and lungs and cleansing the stomach. Get chamomile to treat headache, get ginger water stagnation, drink it after drinking, and introduce bladder and kidney meridian. ."
17. "Nongzheng Quanshu": "Tea oil is cold in nature. Treats sores and scabies, and relieves dampness and heat."
18. "Supplement to the Compendium": "Tea oil is sweet and cool in nature. It moistens the intestines and clears the stomach, kills insects and detoxifies."
2. Modern research
1. Ingredients:
Tea contains alkaloids, mainly caffeine, and contains trace amounts of theobromine, theophylline and xanthine. Green tea contains about 10 to 24% of condensed tannin, while black tea is fermented and the tannin content is reduced, generally only about 6%. - Epigallocatechin, gallo-epicatechin, l-epicatechin, etc. Most of the caffeine in tea leaves is combined with tannin, and the young leaves in spring contain a higher amount of caffeine. Fermentation of tea leaves can increase the proportion of free caffeine. Various commercially available teas produced in my country generally contain about 2 to 4% of caffeine and about 3 to 13% of tannin.
Tea leaves contain about 0.6% of volatile oil, and the prepared green tea contains about 0.006% of volatile oil, which are the aroma components of tea leaves. The main components are β, γ-heptenol, accounting for 50 to 90%, and α, β-heptenal. The aroma components of black tea are: α- and β-ionone and its derivatives, α-terpineol, decadiene-2,4-aldehyde, 3,7-methyloctatriene-1,5,7 -Alcohol-3,2-Phenylbuten-2-aldehyde, Teaspirone, Jasmine, Delta-Pyzenolene, Furfuryl Alcohol, Alpha-Ilanolene, Benzyl Formate, Phenethyl Formate, Phenol Gallic aldehyde, pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde, hexene-2-ester benzoate, methyl benzyl alcohol, indole, etc.
Tea still contains triterpenoid saponins and aglycones: tea saponin E, tea saponins, etc., and contains 130-180 mg% of vitamin C, a small amount of carotene, dihydroergosterol, flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol, and flavonoids Some esters of alcohol and gallic acid.
Fresh roots contain saccharides such as sucrose, raffinose, sucrose, glucose, fructose, and a small amount of polyphenolic compounds (flavanols, etc.). The leaves, branches and stems all contain flavanols and caffeine, and the content decreases from the leaves to the stems from top to bottom. The stems contain a lot of l-epicatechin.
Tea oil contains fatty oils (glycerides of oleic acid, stearic acid, etc.).
2. Pharmacology:
The pharmacological effects of tea are mainly produced by the xanthine derivatives (caffeine and theophylline) it contains; in addition, it still contains a lot of tannic acid, so it has astringent, bacteriostatic and vitamin P-like effects.
①Effects on the central nervous system: Caffeine can excite the advanced nervous center, excite the mind, activate the mind, and eliminate fatigue; overdose can cause insomnia, palpitations, headache, tinnitus, vertigo and other uncomfortable symptoms. It enhances the excitatory processes of the cerebral cortex, and the most effective dose is related to the nerve type.
② Effects on the circulatory system: caffeine and theophylline can directly excite the heart and dilate coronary blood vessels. Direct expansion of peripheral blood vessels. However, caffeine also has an excitatory effect on the vascular motor center and the vagus nerve center, so the effect is more complicated.
③ Effect on smooth muscle and striated muscle: Theophylline (usually aminophylline) can relax smooth muscle, so it is used to treat bronchial asthma, biliary colic, etc. Caffeine also enhances the contractility of the striated muscle.
④Diuretic and other effects: Caffeine, especially theophylline, can inhibit the reabsorption of renal tubules, and thus has a diuretic effect. Caffeine can enhance gastric secretion, so patients with active peptic ulcer should not drink more tea. Stimulates metabolism.
⑤ Antibacterial effect: The tea infusion or decoction in the test tube has antibacterial effect on all types of Shigella, and its antibacterial titer is comparable to that of Coptis chinensis. Generally speaking, the antibacterial efficacy of scented tea and green tea is greater than that of black tea, and the effect on Shigella Shigella is stronger than the other three types (Fuchs, Shi, Sonne). It also has bacteriostatic effect on Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, beta-hemolytic streptococcus, diphtheria bacillus, bacillus anthracis, bacillus subtilis, proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc.; blood and broth can weaken its bacteriostatic effect. Conversely, high concentrations will reduce its effect. In the test tube, the effect of tea decoction on staphylococcus and streptococcus is slightly inferior to that of Coptis but better than that of sulfathiazole. It also has obvious killing effect on Vibrio cholerae in test tube, and it is effective at a temperature lower than body temperature (27℃). Shigella dysenteriae can produce obvious drug resistance after multiple passages in tea broth medium. The antibacterial active ingredient of tea is generally considered to be tannin. The tea decoction has a certain preventive effect on the experimental infection of Shigella in guinea pigs (eyes).
⑥ Convergence and enhance capillary resistance: The tannin in tea has the effect of astringing the stomach. This tannin is a mixture of catechins and gallic acid esters and has a high degree of vitamin P activity. It maintains or restores the normal resistance of capillaries. Experiments have shown that it can inhibit the development of aseptic inflammation in rats; in chronic experiments, continuous medication can reduce the systolic blood pressure of rabbits, and it returns to normal soon after drug withdrawal.
The caffeine in tea is generally 2 to 3%, so a cup of strong tea contains about 0.1 grams of caffeine. In a quick-steep tea, almost all of the caffeine can be leached, but only a portion of the tannin contained in it (tannin can hinder digestion), so a short brew seems reasonable. In black tea after fermentation, part of the volatile components (the aroma of tea) is lost, and part of the tannin is also destroyed (approximately 5-6%), which is less than that of green tea (12-15% tannin).
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